Plasma-Based Modification\nof Tin Halide Perovskite\nInterfaces for Photovoltaic Applications

Tin halide perovskites represent the most suitable alternative\nto their lead-based counterparts for sustainable photovoltaics. One\nof the most important drawbacks of this class of materials is the\nintrinsic tendency of tin (II) to oxidize under certain conditions\nand as a consequence of aging. Here, we explore plasma processing\nto gently treat the surface of the tin perovskite films. As shown\nby chemical, optical, and morphological analyses, this treatment by\ngenerating transient active species on the surface of the material\nimpacts its aging, inhibiting the tendency of tin (II) to oxidize.\nPlasma-treated stored devices show a power conversion efficiency slightly\nhigher and narrower in the distribution than that of the reference\ndevices. The positive impact of this noninvasive technique, which\ncan be easily implemented in large-area manufacturing facilities,\nincreases the potential of lead-free alternative perovskite photovoltaics.