Enhancing Statistical\nEducation in Chemistry and STEAM\nUsing JAMOVI. Part 1: Descriptive Statistics and Comparing Independent\nGroups

This laboratory experiment was devoted to teaching descriptive\nstatistics and comparing independent groups to STEAM (Science, Technology,\nEngineering, Arts, and Mathematics) students using open-source and\ngraphical user interface software. Students answered 21 questions\nusing JAMOVI in previously published data sets to learn fundamental\nstatistics concepts. It was divided into four parts. In the first\npart, descriptive statistics were carried out (mean, median, standard\ndeviation, interquartile range, data normality, and skewness). In\nthe second part, data normality was checked by using visual inspection\nof plots (histograms and <i>Q</i>–<i>Q</i> plots). In the third part, two independent groups were compared.\nIn the fourth part, more than two independent groups were compared.\nNormally, comparisons between two or more groups are presented in\nmany textbooks, and a normal and homogeneous distribution of the data\nis assumed. Only parametric tests were taught, while nonparametric\ntests were not presented. Thus, data normality was checked using hypothesis\ntests (Shapiro–Wilk, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Anderson–Darling\ntests). Then, homogeneity was checked using Levene’s and Bartlett’s\ntests. Normality and homogeneity were also checked using a visual\ninspection of plots. Once normality and homogeneity were checked,\nparametric tests were used (<i>t</i> test and ANOVA). If\nthe normality of the data was not checked, nonparametric tests were\nused (Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests).