Research on the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes based on the mechanism of gut microbiota

The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） is increasing globally， with environmental factors playing a significant role in its onset and progression. Studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to T1DM through mechanisms such as altering intestinal permeability， modifying the abundance of microbial metabolites， and regulating immune responses. While insulin remains the primary therapeutic means， targeting the gut microbiota has emerged as a promising research focus for T1DM intervention. This article reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and T1DM， discusses the preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotics on T1DM and their underlying mechanisms， aiming to provide new insights for T1DM prevention and treatment research.