Sustainable Institutional Model for Biogas Development in Smart Village Society: Enhancing the Sustainable Energy Pathways in Yogyakarta

This study aims to identify critical variables, actors, and policies that encourage the sustainability of biogas development in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Energy is divided into nonrenewable energy and renewable energy, where renewable energy, such as biogas, offers environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to reduce dependence on conventional energy, such as oil and coal. The research method used is a mixed method that involves data collection techniques such as open interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with stakeholders who have authority or knowledge about sustainable biogas development. Data analysis was carried out using MACTOR (Matrix of Alliance, Conflicts, Tactics Objectives and Recommendations) analysis and evidence-based policy analysis. The results of the study show that the main variables that encourage the sustainability of biogas development are the country’s energy security conditions facing scarcity of energy supply and price increases, support from the central and local governments through simplified regulations and investment permits, and standardization of biogas support facilities. The actors who have the most significant influence are the Rumah Energi Foundation (YRE) and the PUP-ESDM Office, while the public shows a high dependence on these actors. Evidence-based policies emphasize the need for central and local governments to immediately make policies to accelerate the development of new and renewable energy. In conclusion, the sustainability of biogas development in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province is greatly influenced by energy security conditions, regulatory support, and the involvement of key actors, with policy recommendations that emphasize the acceleration of renewable energy development.