Low Voltage-Enhanced\nMechano-Bactericidal Biopatch

Mechano-bactericidal\nstrategies represent a safe and\nsustainable\nmethod for preventing microbial contamination in the postantibiotic\nera. However, their effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria (≤55%)\nis still limited due to the thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell\nwalls. Herein, an intelligent biomimetic nanopillared biopatch is\ndeveloped. It is assisted by low-voltage (8 V) electrical stimulation\nfrom TENG and significantly enhances antibacterial efficacy (>99%)\nagainst three types of stubborn Gram-positive bacteria. These collaborative\nantibacterial behaviors are solely based on purely physical actions,\nthus avoiding the risk of triggering bacterial resistance. Moreover,\nthe slight mechanical energy generated by human physiological activities\nis converted into a power source, exhibiting energy-efficient, eco-friendly,\nand sustainable features. The conductive hydrogel in the biopatch\ncan also act as an intelligent temperature sensor, monitoring, and\nreal-time assessment of wound conditions. This intelligent biopatch\nholds immense potential for efficient healing and safe management\nof both acute and chronic wound infections.