Innovative Exterior Walls and Facades with Changeable and Managed Properties to Enhance the Environmental Safety of Energy-Efficient Buildings

The article presents innovative solutions developed by the author and patented for energy-saving enclosing structures and facades of buildings with variable and controllable properties. In the author's opinion, the most promising directions for reducing embodied energy and reducing CO₂ emissions at the design stage of exterior walls of buildings, taking into account their life cycle, are presented. Examples of the creation of enclosing structures and facades for energy-efficient intelligent buildings with high environmental safety are given: self-supporting energy-saving exterior wall with anisotropic properties, dynamic energy-saving facade with variable properties, energy-saving wall with adjustable thermal protection properties, butt joint of reinforced concrete panels for collapsible large-panel buildings. The life cycle of innovative structural solutions for exterior walls has been assessed in comparison with traditional walls using the developed methodology and program for calculating embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions.