Inkjet-Printed\nFASn<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Pb<sub><i>x</i></sub>I<sub>3</sub>‑Based Perovskite\nSolar Cells

Metal halide perovskite\nsolar cells (PSCs) have gained significant\nattention in thin-film photovoltaic research for their high power\nconversion efficiency (PCE) and facile fabrication processes. This\nstudy presents the use of inkjet printing to fabricate thin films\nof combinatorial mixed formamidinium tin-lead perovskites and evaluates\ntheir layer quality and device performance. Our findings demonstrate\nthat incorporating Pb up to 50% into FASnI<sub>3</sub> films enhances\nlattice stability. The investigation focused on optimizing the composition\nratio for improved photovoltaic performance with FASn<sub>0.5</sub>Pb<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>-based PSCs achieving the highest PCE\nof 10.26%. Additionally, these cells exhibited an absorption spectrum\nextending beyond 1000 nm, corresponding to a 1.25 eV bandgap. The\nresults suggest that inkjet printing can effectively enhance the efficiency\nof tin–lead-based PSCs, supporting scalability in device manufacturing.