Fucoidan-Mediated\nCovalent Modification Mitigates\nAllergenicity of Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in Mice via Enhanced Intestinal Barrier Function and Antigen Presentation\nSuppression

Covalent modification is an effective strategy for reducing\nthe\nallergenicity of single allergens. However, due to the complexity\nof the food matrix, its application in hypoallergenic food production\nrequires further exploration. The study showed that covalent modification\nof fucoidan decreased the specific antibody levels, inhibited Th2\ncell differentiation, and reduced mast cell degranulation, suggesting\nthat it significantly reduced the allergenicity of Penaeus vannamei. Further analysis showed that covalent\nmodification not only up-regulated the intestinal tight junction proteins\nexpression and improved intestinal mucus secretion but also restored\nintestinal microbial homeostasis by immunological and 16S rRNA gene\nsequencing. Additionally, covalent modification inhibited dendritic\ncell maturation and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell differentiation, thereby\nreducing antigen recognition and presentation, as determined by transcriptome\nand flow cytometry. Therefore, the covalent modification of fucoidan\nreduced shrimp allergenicity by enhancing intestinal barrier function\nand inhibiting antigen presentation. In conclusion, it is a potential\nstrategy for processing hypoallergenic foods.