DNA Reaction\nNetwork Central Controller for Dynamic\nSpatiotemporal Logical Assembly and Its Application for Rational Design\nof Fluorometric/Electrical Biosensing

This\nwork introduces a fluorometric/electrical dual-biosensing\nlogic system based on a DNA reaction network (DRN). This system was\nused to spatiotemporally modulate the kinetic behavior of DNA nanostructures.\nThe system, acting as a programmable and modulative central controller\nintroduced to implement, enabled the monitoring of the target gliotoxin.\nThe DRN encompasses multiple pathways and provides a potential mechanistic\nway to develop dynamic networks that can evolve under directional\ncontrollable conditions. We demonstrated the implementation of a DRN\nto control the assembly and disassembly of a DNA conveyor belt. By\nexposing the responsive switches of the DNA conveyor belt, the DRN\nactivates the operation of fluorescent DNA-driving axes based on the\naggregation-induced emission effect, enabling signal generation and\ncollection through continuous rolling on the surface of the DNA conveyor\nbelt. The biosensor was employed to monitor gliotoxin, and under optimal\nconditions, dual-signal detection was achieved at 1.14 × 10<sup>–7</sup> and 2.45 × 10<sup>–7</sup> μg·mL<sup>–1</sup>. The biosensor was integrated with a handheld electrochemical\nworkstation, which enabled the successful monitoring of gliotoxin.\nThis strategy enables self-tuning control and the multilayer hierarchical\nassembly of kinetic behaviors and is applicable to diverse fields\nsuch as biometric systems, medical diagnosis, and logic computing.