MXene/Metal–Organic\nFramework Heterojunctions\nFacilitate Bacterial-Infected Wound Repair via Exogenous and Endogenous\nSynergistic Stimulations

The antibiotic resistance of bacteria and the lack of\nefficient\nantibacterial agents result in significant worsening of microbial\ninfection symptoms. To address this daunting issue, a multimodal antibacterial\nstrategy that combines exogenous and endogenous stimulations is proposed.\nA novel two-dimensional heterojunction (termed MXP HJs) is developed\nby in situ growth of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) onto\nthe MXene via the dielectric barrier discharge technique. Under light\nirradiation, MXP HJs exhibit excellent photocatalytic and photothermal\nperformance to provide exogenous stimulation for killing bacteria.\nIn addition, the MXP HJs promote electron transfer at the interfaces\nbetween the MXP HJs and bacteria, and this inhibits bacterial ribosomal\npathways, resulting in endogenous antibacterial activity. Furthermore,\n MXP HJs can significantly promote wound healing through bacterial\nclearance, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. Thus, this work\nlays the foundation for the development of a photocatalytic HJ platform\nthat can be used in antibacterial applications for infectious wound\nrepair.