Needle-Free\nTargeted Injections Using Bubble Laser\nTechnology in Therapeutics

This\nwork explores bubble laser technology as an alternative to\nneedles in injection systems for vaccination, cancer treatment, insulin\ndelivery, and catheter hygiene. The technology leverages laser-induced\nmicrofiltration and bubble dynamics to create high-speed pneumatic\njets that penetrate the skin without needles, addressing discomfort,\ninfection risk, and needle-related concerns. The system’s performance\nis analyzed based on laser wavelength, pulse duration, and Gaussian\nbeam droplet size. The findings indicate a significant increase in\nspot size at 1064 nm compared with 400 nm, consistent with the diffraction\ntheory. Induced bubble dynamics reveal bubble generation, jetting,\nand fluid interactions as the Weber number increases, as well as jet\nvelocity and fluid inertia. For femtosecond pulses, increasing the\npulse duration from 100 to 1500 fs reduces the bubble lifespan from\n0.8 to 0.3 arbitrary units, and the collapse pressure decreases from\n2.1 to 0.4 bar. For picosecond pulses, the bubble lifetime decreases\nfrom 0.9 to 0.5 arbitrary units, and the pressure drop decreases from\n2.0 to 0.4 bar as the pulse length extends from 2000 to 8000 ps. Jet\nformation in laser jet injection systems is enhanced by short pulses\nin water that produce longer-lasting bubbles. Drug delivery based\non the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is characterized by a low-pressure\ncollapse and short bubble lifetime. Thus, this relationship suggests\nthat bubble laser technology can provide a more controlled and safer\nmethod of needle-free procedures, increasing compliance and reducing\ntissue trauma.