Electrical-Light Coordinately Modulated Synaptic Memristor\nBased on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene for Near-Infrared Artificial\nVision Applications

Emerging\noptoelectronic memristive devices with high parallelism\nand low-power consumption have made neuromorphic computing hardware\na tangible reality. The coordination of conductivity regulation through\nboth electrical and light signals is pivotal for advancing the development\nof synaptic memristors with brainlike functionalities. Here, an artificial\nvisual synapse is presented with the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene\nmemristor which demonstrates not only the nonvolatile memory effect\n(Set/Reset: 0.58/–0.55 V; Retention: >10<sup>3</sup> s)\nand\nsustained multistage conductivity, but also facile modulation of both\nelectrical- and light-stimulated synaptic behaviors. By adjusting\nthe stimulus parameters, the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene enables\nthe realization of biosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic current, sustained\nconductivity, stable long-term facilitation/depression, paired pulse\nfacilitation, spiking-timing-dependent plasticity, and experiential\nlearning. Particularly, benefiting from the distinguishable photoconductive\nand memory effects of multiple near-infrared intensities (7–13\nmW/cm<sup>2</sup>), potential applications in visual nociceptive perception\n(“threshold”, “noadaption”, “relaxation”)\nand imaging (e.g., “Superman” cartoon character) in\ninfrared environments are well achieved in such Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene memristors. These results hold significant implications\nfor the future advancement of integrated optoelectronic sensing, memory,\nnociception, and imaging systems.