The role of resins in crude oil rheology and flow assurance: A comprehensive review

Resins are a significant component of crude oil, distinct from asphaltenes, and play a crucial role in influencing both rheological properties and flow characteristics. Understanding resin behavior is particularly important in crude oil operations and offshore operations, where flow assurance challenges can arise. This review article focuses on the impact of resins on the flow and rheological properties of crude oil. It examines the various compositions of resins and the molecular interactions between resins and asphaltenes that determine the viscosity and stability of crude oil. The presence of high concentrations of resins in certain crude oils can complicate flow assurance and pipeline transportation. Recent advancements in chemical treatments and additive technologies have addressed these challenges. This review highlights emerging research areas and technologies aimed at improving the understanding of resin behavior under extreme conditions, such as high-pressure and high-temperature reservoirs. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review aims to provide valuable insights into the role of resins in crude oil flow, guiding future research and innovations in petroleum engineering.