Monitoring\nGlutathione Content of the Endoplasmic\nReticulum under Scrap Leather-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress\nvia an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe

Maintaining tissue homeostasis necessitates the coordinated\nefforts\nof various cell types to regulate inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum\n(ER) stress, a hallmark of inflammation, exacerbates tissue pathology\nin various human diseases. Glutathione (GSH), a pivotal regulator\nof cellular redox balance, controls disulfide bond formation in the\nER, thereby shielding cells from oxidative stress. In this study,\nwe developed a two-photon fluorescent probe, ER-GSH, with specific\nER targeting and demonstrated its high sensitivity and rapid response\nto GSH. Experiments conducted on BV2 cells and a mice model of neuroinflammation\ninduced by scrap leather revealed that inflammatory reactions led\nto ER stress and a substantial reduction in GSH levels. Notably, the\nanti-inflammatory drug NS-398 effectively inhibited cell inflammation\nand ER stress by maintaining GSH levels. These findings underscore\nthe potential therapeutic significance of modulating GSH levels to\nalleviate the impact of neuroinflammation.