TriangesinenolidesA–C: Trimeric Phthalideswith Anti-Renal Fibrosis Potential from Angelica sinensis

Trimeric phthalides in nature are rarely reported. This research successfully isolated three novel trimeric phthalides, triangesinenolides A–C (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), from Angelica sinensis. These compounds, derived from <i>Z</i>-ligustilide via diverse linkage patterns, display intricate polycyclic skeletons. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses. Unlike previously identified trimeric phthalides, triangesinenolide C (<b>3</b>) is the first trimeric phthalide synthesized via [2 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition. <i>In vitro</i> assays evaluated the anti-renal fibrosis activity of trimeric phthalides for the first time.