Magnetic Solitons in Hierarchical 3D Magnetic Nanoarchitectures\nof Nanoflower Shape

Curvilinear magnetism emerged\nas a new route to tailor properties\nof magnetic solitons by the choice of geometry and topology of a magnetic\narchitecture. Here, we develop an anodized aluminum oxide template-based\napproach to realize hierarchical 3D magnetic nanoarchitectures of\nnanoflower shape. The technique provides defect-free regular arrays\nof magnetic nanoflowers of tunable shape with a period of 400 nm over\ncm<sup>2</sup> areas. We combined advanced magnetic imaging methods\nwith micromagnetic simulations to study complex magnetic states in\nnanoflowers originating due to magnetostatics-driven symmetry break\nin curvilinear nanomembranes. An interaction between surface and volume\nmagnetostatic charges in 3D curved nanoflowers leads to the stabilization\nof asymmetric and shifted vortices as well as states with two Bloch\nlines. Ordered large area arrays of complex-shaped magnetic nanoarchitectures\ndeveloped in this work are relevant for prospective research on 3D\nmagnonics and spintronics.