Enhanced Performance\nBased on the Synergistic Effect\nof Three-Phase Nanocomposite-rGO-ZnO Nanowires Embedded in the PVDF\nMatrix as a Power Source for Low-Powered Portable Electronic Devices

In this study, a piezoelectric–triboelectric hybrid\nnanogenerator\nbased on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), reduced graphene oxide\n(rGO), and zinc oxide nanowires (ZnONWs) has been developed. A comparison\nstudy with different weight percentages of rGO-ZnONWs in the PVDF\nmatrix was done. Thereby, the optimized nanocomposite film used as\na piezoelectric layer of the hybrid device showed the highest piezoelectric\nproperties along with triboelectric properties. The synergistic combination\nof these two material features results in the enhanced output performance\nof the hybrid nanogenerator. The microstructural and morphological\ncharacteristics of rGO-ZnONWs and the composite films were thoroughly\nstudied. The hybrid nanogenerator with 3 wt % of rGO-ZnONW exhibited\nan output voltage of 135 V, a maximum current of 73 μA, and\na maximum power density of 586 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Due to the\nlow cost, light weight, sustainability, biocompatibility, and excellent\nenergy conversion efficiency of the optimized flexible device, it\nexhibited excellent application in portable wearable electronics and\nself-powered systems.