Probing the Biomolecular\nInteractions of DNA/HSA with\nthe New Sn(IV) Complex and Computational Perspectives: Design, Synthesis,\nCharacterization, Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Modeling Approach

The ligands 2,2′-bipyridyl\nand indole-3-carboxylic acid\nwere used to create a Sn(IV) complex, which was then synthesized and\ncarefully characterized using elemental analysis and spectroscopic\ntechniques (UV–vis, IR, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>119</sup>Sn NMR, and ESI-MS) and RXPD. Utilizing biophysical techniques\nsuch as UV–vis, fluorescence titrations, circular dichroism,\nFTIR (for HSA), and cleavage activity (for DNA), <i>in vitro</i> binding studies of Sn(IV) complex and DNA/HSA were satisfied with\nthe strong electrostatic binding interaction of the Sn(IV) complex <i>via</i> the phosphate backbone of the DNA helix as well as in\nthe subdomain IIA of HSA. The observed trend in the binding interactions\nand computational studies of the Sn(IV) complex was attributed to\nthe nature of the ligands bound to the Sn(IV) center that influences\ntheir <i>in vitro</i> activities. The Sn(IV) complex showed\nsufficient effectiveness to be considered a viable candidate for the\ncreation of anticancer medications.