Chemical constituents from the culture of <i>Biscogniauxia capnodes</i> SWUF15-40 fungus and the inhibitory activity against cancer cell proliferation and nitric oxide production

The chemical diversity from <i>Biscogniauxia capnodes</i> SWUF15-40 fungus, cultivated in yeast-malt extract medium was studied. The choice of medium was inspired by the OSMACs strategy, which had previously been cultivated in PDB medium. This resulted in an array of bioactive compounds being discovered. The IR, NMR, MS, and XRD data, together with the calculated ¹³C NMR chemical shifts and ECD spectra data were thoroughly analysed, which led to the determination of two new isopimarane (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), and three guaiane (<b>3</b>−<b>5</b>) derivatives, together with four known compounds (<b>6</b>−<b>9</b>). Cyclic pentapeptide (<b>9</b>) showed inhibitory activity against cancer cells (HeLa, HT-29, PC-3, and A549) proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC₅₀ values in the ranges of 11.38 − 17.87 µM, and 58.88 µg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that manipulating growth conditions can increase the possibility of discovering many more bioactive compounds in fungi.