Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Action of Cistanche deserticola Ma Extracts in the Prevention of Osteoporosis

Cistanche deserticola Ma is a traditional medicinal and edible plant that has demonstrated significant potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in recent years. Conventional medications for osteoporosis, including bisphosphonates, calcitriol, and VD, may induce various adverse reactions and increase the physiological burden on patients when used long-term. In contrast, C. deserticola offers unique advantages due to its lower toxicity and fewer side effects, making it particularly suitable for osteoporosis management. Research indicates that C. deserticola effectively mitigates the loss of bone density and bone mass. It regulates bone metabolism by enhancing osteoblast activity and inhibiting osteoclast function, thereby preserving bone microarchitecture and consequently enhancing the overall stability of the internal bone structure and reducing the risk of fractures. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of C. deserticola in combating osteoporosis. By systematically reviewing and analyzing existing literature, we seek to elucidate the potential mechanisms through which C. deserticola modulates bone remodeling and to explore its prospects for clinical application. The insights gained from this study are intended to provide an important reference for the development and clinical application of functional foods derived from C. deserticola.