Triboelectric\nNanogenerator Based on CPDs-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene Bilayer Film for Triethylamine\nSensing and Fish Meat Spoilage Detection

With the increasing demand for food safety monitoring,\nthe development\nof efficient, convenient, and green gas sensors has become a current\nresearch hotspot. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a triethylamine\nsensor is a cutting-edge strategy for detection without the need for\nan additional power source. In this study, synthesized WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene materials were prepared and bilayer thin films of carbon\nquantum dots (CPDs)-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene TENG. WO<sub>3</sub> provides\nmore active sites for improved material charge transfer efficiency.\nTENG achieved a maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 30 V. The CPDs-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene-3 TENG can also be used as a self-powered gas sensor\n(SPGS). As a charge-trapping layer, CPDs exhibit excellent charge\ntrapping. The SPGS has a 53% response to 200 ppm TEA, and low detection\nat ppb level (139 ppb). The presence of WO<sub>3</sub> improves the\ngas-sensing performance. Additionally, CPDs possess excellent conductivity\nand moisture resistance. Finally, it was studied to see how it reacts\nto TEA in fish meat under different conditions of spoilage. It provides\napproach to solving the transportation and preservation problems of\nfish meat.