Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged\nPrussian Blue-Based\nNanoparticles for Targeted Photothermal-Dynamic Therapy against ESKAPE\nPathogens and Improved Skin Infection Outcome

Infections caused by Enterococcus fascism, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter\nbaumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) bacteria and their biofilms considerably\nthreaten human health. Developing antibacterial agents against ESKAPE\nbacteria and controlling related inflammation are urgently needed.\nHerein, we developed a nanosystem by coating M1 macrophage membranes\nonto the surface of Prussian Blue@polydopamine@IR820 nanoparticles\n(PDIM NPs) for determining the antimicrobial activity against skin\nand soft tissue infection. Upon administration, PDIM NPs actively\naggregated in the infected regions of subcutaneous abscesses owing\nto their homologous targeting properties. Under irradiation with a\nnear-infrared (NIR) 808 nm laser, PDIM NPs exhibited outstanding antibacterial\neffects via synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Thereafter,\nthe naked Prussian Blue-based nanoparticles effectively scavenged\nexcessive reactive oxygen species and alleviated inflammation. The\nmouse model demonstrated the regulation of angiogenesis, collagen\ndeposition, and attenuated hyperinflammation. Furthermore, PDIM NPs\nexhibited excellent biosafety <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Therefore, PDIM NPs showed remarkable infectious\nsite-targeting properties and antimicrobial performances and facilitated\nthe healing of cutaneous abscesses, providing strategies for treating\nESKAPE bacteria and biofilm-associated diseases.