Intraocular Tumor Biopsy

Intraocular biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to obtain tissue samples to identify intraocular lesions, including tumors, infections, and inflammatory conditions. Inconclusive clinical and imaging findings necessitate intraocular biopsy. This retrospective review reviewed the relevant literature, including relevant reviews, original articles, case reports, and case series published up to July 2024. Depending on the location and suspected nature of the lesion, intraocular biopsy is performed using various techniques, such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), vitreous biopsy, and chorioretinal biopsy. Despite its challenges, such as small sample size and potential complications like retinal detachment and hemorrhage, intraocular biopsy plays a vital role in guiding management decisions, including treatment planning. Recent advancements in molecular pathology and imaging-guided biopsy techniques have enhanced tissue yield and safety, making biopsy an invaluable diagnostic tool. In ocular oncology, prognostic biopsy for uveal melanoma has become the standard of care. Intraocular biopsy remains a crucial diagnostic tool for treatment decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Technological advancements continue to refine its efficacy and safety, reinforcing its role in modern ophthalmic practice.