Delays and Disputes in Public Infrastructure Projects: A Systemic Review and Risk-Based Mitigation Model

Public infrastructure projects are notoriously prone to delays and disputes due to complex stakeholder dynamics, regulatory bottlenecks, and funding issues. This paper presents a systemic literature review of causes and effects of such challenges in developing economies, followed by the proposal of a predictive risk mitigation model. The model incorporates risk matrices, Monte Carlo simulations, and stakeholder analysis to forecast potential delays and recommend interventions. A case study from a major highway project in South Asia demonstrates the model's predictive accuracy and practical utility.<br>This paper conducts a systemic literature review on the causes and effects of delays and disputes in public infrastructure projects within developing economies. It proposes a predictive risk mitigation model that utilizes risk matrices, Monte Carlo simulations, and stakeholder analysis to anticipate potential delays and suggest interventions. A case study of a major highway project in South Asia illustrates the models predictive accuracy and practical applications.<br><b>Keywords:</b> Public infrastructure delays, construction disputes, risk mitigation model, Monte Carlo simulation, stakeholder analysis, developing economies, project forecasting, highway project management, predictive modeling, construction risk assessment.