Crystallisation thermodynamics of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in n-PrOH + water binary mixed solvents

The solubility of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in n-PrOH + water binary mixed solvents was studied. The solubility of DNTF in the temperature range of 293.15 ~ 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) was measured by the laser dynamic method. In order to expand the applicability of solubility, the Modified Apelblat equation, van’t Hoff equation, CNIBS/R-K Model and Jouyban-Acree Model were used to correlate the solubility, and satisfactory results were obtained. In addition, thermodynamic parameters such as standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and standard Gibbs free energy of DNTF in these solvents were calculated. The morphology of products crystallised in the n-propanol solvent was uniform and regular, which were observed by electron microscopy. The particle size distribution of the products was characterised by the BT-2002 laser particle size analyser. The results showed that the products particle size distribution was narrow and uniform. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on DNTF crystallisation.