Molecular Analysis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolates with Mutant <i>gyrA</i> Gene and Development of a New Ciprofloxacin Derivative for Antimicrobial Therapy

This study focuses on the prevalence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in various medical specimens. In addition, the investigates of this research shows the genetic analysis of pathogen-resistant isolates and chemical modifications to ciprofloxacin. A total of 225 specimens from men and women aged 30 to 60 were carefully collected and examined, including samples from wound, burn, urine, sputum, and ear samples. The data were obtained from AL Muthanna hospitals. PCR–RFLP and gene expression analysis were used to identify resistant strains and explore the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance. A ciprofloxacin derivative was synthesized and confirmed through FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy techniques then it was tested as antibacterial agent. Also, molecular docking study was conducted to predict the mechanism of action for the synthesized derivative. The results demonstrated that wound samples had the highest positive rate (33.7%) of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates. The PCR–RFLP testing correlated ciprofloxacin resistance with <i>gyrA</i> gene mutation. Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in the <i>gyrA</i> gene expression in comparison to the reference <i>rpsL</i> gene subsequent to exposure to the synthesized derivative. Furthermore, the molecular docking investigation illustrated the strategic positioning of the ciprofloxacin derivative within the DNA-binding site of the <i>gyrA</i> enzyme. The examination of genetic expression patterns manifested diverse effects attributed to the CIP derivative on <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, thus portraying it as a viable candidate in the quest for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Ciprofloxacin derivative may offer new antimicrobial therapeutic options for treating <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infections in wound specimens, addressing resistance and <i>gyrA</i> gene mutations.