Toward On-Receptor\nComputing: Electronic Nociceptor\nof an All-Oxide Invisible Biomimetic Memristor

A flexible ITO/ZnO/TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/ITO\nmemristor\nhas been confirmed to be a suitable candidate for nociceptors by demonstrating\nall of the typical nociceptive characteristics. The annealing effect\non the memristor synapse is explored using different annealing time\nvariants of the invisible (above 90% transparency in the visible region)\ndevice. The 10 min annealed device is found to be a suitable one for\nits bipolar nonvolatile gradual switching with over 3000 cycles of\nendurance and >10<sup>4</sup> s of retention. Device-to-device\nuniformity\nand reproducibility have been achieved with a narrow distribution\nof set, reset, and forming voltages. Synaptic behaviors like long-term\npotentiation and depression for 800 cycles with nearly linear potentiation-depression\nnonlinearity (<i>N</i><sub>p</sub>/<i>N</i><sub>d</sub> = 3/0.3), as well as short-term plasticity, make it capable\nof neuromorphic computing applications.