Reported patient experiences of extended-release buprenorphine for opioid dependence: a qualitative systematic review and thematic analysis

There is a growing opioid overdose crisis internationally. One evidence-based solution is a newly available form of opioid substitution treatment: extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP). The following study aims to systematically review the qualitative evidence of reported patient experiences of XR-BUP. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize qualitative literature on patient experiences of XR-BUP. In June 2023, we searched five databases. Articles were screened using clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Critical appraisal and thematic analysis using stigma as an organizing concept were carried out. We screened 581 titles and abstracts and selected 13 articles. We identified six key themes: 1) living a normal life 2) Being perceived as a “drug user”; 3) physiological effects of the drug; 4) investments (time and money); 5) life goals; and 6) the luxury of time. Our review elevates XR-BUP as a powerful technology for the reduction of stigma. However, patient agency and autonomy should be at the forefront of decision-making around treatment options. Providers of treatment for opioid dependence can use this study alongside local context to consider the introduction or expansion of treatment with XR-BUP.