Linking public perceptions of rivers and preferences for river restoration benefits to the willingness to pay: a structural equation modelling approach

Citizens’ perceptions of rivers and the benefits associated with river restoration are crucial factors influencing their willingness to pay (WTP). This study attempted to link citizens’ perceptions of river conditions to their WTP, with their preference for the benefits of restoration as a mediating factor. A questionnaire survey was carried out at urban rivers, and structural equation modelling was adopted. The results indicated that 1) citizens’ perceptions of the environmental and social conditions of rivers were negatively associated with their preferences for the environmental, ecological, and economic benefits of restoration; 2) citizens’ preferences for ecological and recreational benefits promoted their WTP; and 3) citizens’ preferences for ecological benefits showed a mediating effect between their perceptions of river conditions and their WTP. Implications for future river restoration policies and work to address citizens’ preferences and support regarding the ecological and recreational benefits, as well as recommendations for future research are suggested.