Two new polyacetylenes from the roots of <i>Atractylodes macrocephala</i>

Two new polyacetylenes, (5<i>Z</i>,12<i>E</i>)-14-hydroxytetradeca-5,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1-yl 3-methylbut-2-enoate (<b>1</b>) and 5<i>S</i>, 1′<i>R</i>-(6<i>E</i>,12<i>E</i>)-1-hydroxytetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-5-yl 2-methylbutanoate (<b>2</b>), together with two known ones, (2<i>E</i>,8<i>E</i>)-12-<i>β</i>-methylbutyryltetradeca-2,8-diene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol (<b>3</b>), and (<i>E</i>)-5-[5-(but-3-en-1-yn-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl]pent-2-en-4-yn-1-yl acetate (<b>4</b>) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of <i>Atractylodes macrocephala</i> by various chromatographic methods, such as normal phase silica gel column, MPLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by kinds of spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD. Compound <b>1</b> exhibited cytotoxic activities in HepG2 and Huh7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 20.50 ± 2.07 and 19.99 ± 1.35 μM, respectively.