Natural anti-neuroinflammatory inhibitors from <i>Aglaia odorata</i>

Eleven compounds were isolated from the <i>n</i>-butanol extract of <i>Aglaia odorata</i> Lour, including one undescribed lignan, curlignan-4-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside (<b>1</b>), and ten known compounds (<b>2–11</b>). Their structures were characterized by comprehensive spectral analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The inhibitory effects of these compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV-2 microglia were evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of compounds <b>1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9</b> and <b>10</b> were significantly better than those of the positive control minocycline (IC₅₀ = 41.34 ± 3.55 μM), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.31 to 15.70 μM.