ASSESSING THE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AIR.pdf

This study aims to assess the impact of indoor pollution on human health in Calabar Municipality, focusing on the relationship between indoor air quality and the prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among residents. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted for this study, with data collected from a representative sample of households within Calabar Municipality. Indoor air quality was assessed using portable air monitoring devices to measure pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Health data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, focusing on the prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the residents. Additionally, interviews with key stakeholders and a review of existing policies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of indoor air quality regulations. The findings reveal that indoor air pollution levels in many households exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits, with high concentrations of PM, CO, and VOCs detected. The prevalence of respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, is significantly higher among residents exposed to poor indoor air quality. The study also identifies major sources of indoor pollution, including cooking with biomass fuels, inadequate ventilation, and the use of chemical-based household products. In conclusion, indoor pollution poses a significant health risk to residents of Calabar Municipality, with a strong correlation between poor air quality and the prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The study recommends the enforcement of stricter indoor air quality regulations, the promotion of cleaner cooking technologies, and public awareness campaigns on the health risks of indoor pollution to improve air quality and protect public health in Calabar Municipality.