<b>Disparities in Carbon Sequestration and Ecological Stability between Plantation and Natural Forests</b>

This study systematically examines the differences in productivity (GPP), climate sensitivity, and phenological dynamics between plantation forests and natural forests in China from 1990 to 2020 using multi-source remote sensing data. As the country with the largest plantation forest area globally, China's forest restoration process not only profoundly influences regional carbon cycles and ecological stability but also provides a valuable case for global forest management. By leveraging high spatiotemporal resolution forest cover monitoring, this study quantitatively assesses changes in forest cover and carbon sequestration benefits across different forest types. Furthermore, by integrating climate data, including temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation, we analyze the adaptive responses of different forest types to climate change. As nations accelerate forest restoration and carbon neutrality initiatives, balancing short-term carbon sequestration gains with long-term ecological stability has become a critical issue in global environmental governance. This study highlights the disparities between plantation and natural forests in terms of carbon balance, ecological stability, and climate resilience, offering essential scientific support for optimizing future forest restoration policies and providing key insights for the sustainable management of global forest ecosystems.