Factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among Palestinian community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

The main purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling older adults in Palestine. A cross-sectional study was done among Palestinians &gt; 60 years living in Hebron governorate. An interview-based questionnaire was used to obtain information related to socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits, medical history, nutritional status, cognitive status, and physical fitness performance. A total of 358 older adults were included in the study. The prevalence of cognitive impairment for MCI was 37.3%. The analysis revealed that MCI was significantly associated with: being above 70 years old; lower education levels; living with family members, widow, unemployment, low physical activity level, history of hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, and COPD, lower mid upper arm circumference, lower calf circumference, higher waist-to-hip ratio, higher body fat percentage, lower skeletal muscle mass, higher, poor functional status and poor physical fitness (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05). MCI was associated with reduced muscle mass, lower speed, and lower flexibility, according to the multivariate analysis. In conclusion around half of the study sample had mild cognitive impairment and was associated with modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Systematic screening is recommended to identify older adults with a high risk of developing MCI. This study highlights the high prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among older adults in Palestine and identifies key modifiable and non‑modifiable risk factors. The findings emphasize the urgent need for systematic screening programs to detect MCI early and implement targeted interventions. By addressing lifestyle factors, physical fitness, and medical conditions, healthcare providers can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and improve the quality of life for aging populations. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and public health professionals to develop comprehensive, culturally tailored strategies for promoting cognitive health and supporting older adults in Palestine.