Deciphering Eratosthenes' Phantom Pharaohs: Phruoro, Amuthartaeus, and the Greek Transmission of Late New Kingdom History

This paper identifies the two so-called "phantom kings" of Eratosthenes' Frag 37 (Phruoro and Amuthartaeus) as Psammus of the 23rd Dynasty and Ramesses VI of the 20th Dynasty respectively both from an historical and etymological perspective. This together with the papers analysis of the Israel Stele has serious implications for the dating of the Exodus from Egypt.

Publication Details

Journal
Figshare
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29061590.v1
Primary Topic
Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
Type
article
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Deciphering Eratosthenes' Phantom Pharaohs: Phruoro, Amuthartaeus, and the Greek Transmission of Late New Kingdom History

Figshare
Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
article

Deciphering Eratosthenes' Phantom Pharaohs: Phruoro, Amuthartaeus, and the Greek Transmission of Late New Kingdom History

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Abstract

This paper identifies the two so-called "phantom kings" of Eratosthenes' Frag 37 (Phruoro and Amuthartaeus) as Psammus of the 23rd Dynasty and Ramesses VI of the 20th Dynasty respectively both from an historical and etymological perspective. This together with the papers analysis of the Israel Stele has serious implications for the dating of the Exodus from Egypt.

Figshare
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
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Deciphering Eratosthenes' Phantom Pharaohs: Phruoro, Amuthartaeus, and the Greek Transmission of Late New Kingdom History · Figshare (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS