MindScratch: A Visual Programming Support Tool for Classroom Learning Based on Multimodal Generative AI

Programming is essential in K-12 education and fosters computational thinking skills. Given the complexity of programming and the advanced skills it requires, previous research has introduced user-friendly tools to support young learners. However, our interviews with six programming educators revealed that current tools often fail to reflect classroom learning objectives, offer flexible guidance, and foster creativity. Therefore, we introduced MindScratch, a multimodal generative AI (GAI)-powered visual programming support tool. MindScratch aims to balance structured classroom activities with free programming creation, supporting students in completing creative programming projects based on teacher-set learning objectives while also providing programming scaffolding. The results indicate that, compared to the baseline, MindScratch more effectively helps students achieve high-quality projects aligned with learning objectives. It also enhances students’ computational thinking and thinking. Overall, we believe that GAI-driven educational tools like MindScratch offer students a focused and engaging learning experience.