Electromagnetic Vertical Ring High-Gradient Magnetic Separation Technology and Equipment: Research Progress and Future Trends

The application of electromagnetic vertical ring high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) technology to separate difficult-to-separate iron ore resources, nonferrous and rare metals, energy metals, and tailings has become more widespread. This study analyses the key factors affecting electromagnetic vertical ring HGMS and describes the equipment’s development history, as well as research progress in large-scale equipment areas such as magnetic system structure, magnetic matrices, and process applications. HGMS technology is primarily influenced by the magnetic properties, particle size, composite force fields, and ore pulp environment of the materials being separated. Scaling up the equipment significantly increases processing capacity while substantially reducing specific energy consumption. Optimizing the magnetic system structure can increase magnetic field utilization rate, reduce magnetic leakage, and lower the excitation energy consumption. Diversifying magnetic matrices can enhance the HGMS equipment’s adaptability to particle sizes and improve recovery rates. According to the analysis, the main development directions in the future are to strengthen on dispersion technology, study dry HGMS technology, superconducting magnetic separation technology and the application research in the field of low carbon separation of non-ferrous metals and other substances.