Effects of eurodiesel fuels with multi-element oxide nanoparticles (Zn_0.5Mn_0.5Fe₂O₄) on diesel engines investigated through RSM

This study examined the influence of incorporating varying concentrations of multi-element oxide nanoparticles into diesel fuel on the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The findings revealed that the addition of nanoparticles led to better outcomes than the use of pure diesel. Specifically, the brake thermal efficiency increased, and the brake-specific fuel consumption values decreased, when nanoparticles were present. In addition, although carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide and smoke emissions decreased, carbon dioxide emissions increased. All the experimental data were statistically validated, and seven mathematical models were developed using response surface methodology in the second stage. The R² values of all models varied between 87.87 and 99.92, indicating statistically significant results. By analyzing all the results parameters, an optimum nanoparticle ratio of 100 ppm at full engine load, and an optimal brake mean effective pressure value of1.58 were determined. The aim of this study was to provide guidance to both academic and industrial users in future research on internal combustion engines. The results offer valuable insights into the potential benefits of incorporating multi-element oxide nanoparticles into diesel fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions.