Biotechnological innovations in soil health management: a systematic review of integrating microbiome engineering, bioinformatics, and sustainable practices

Fertile soil nourishes plant, animal, and human life. However, soil exploitation is responsible for the majority of inefficient agricultural practices, forest loss, global warming, and surface erosion. Technology is required to repair soil and improve its performance. This systematic review examines how microbiome engineering, bioinformatics, and precision agriculture might improve soil and sustainability. The reviews investigate how microbiome engineering, bioinformatics, and precision farming influence soil fertility, food production, and resilience. This review aims to uncover knowledge gaps and use existing data to create long-term agricultural development strategies. A thorough literature search was conducted on microbial inoculants, plant-microbe interactions, and soil microbiome. The research investigated 67 peer-reviewed publications published over the last decade to determine how technology affects agricultural ecosystems. Microbiome engineering, bioinformatics, and precision agriculture theories help to increase microbial diversity, simulate soil, and improve farming methods. Despite their optimism, cost, complexity, and ethics remain significant challenges. Research needs to advance in order to scale up soil health solutions that biotechnology provides while addressing cost issues. The review investigates how traditional farming methods can synergize with modern technology to develop sustainable agricultural systems as shown in graphical abstract.