A Newmark-Based Method for Lateral Spreading Considering Uncertainty of Residual Shear Strength of Liquefied Soil

This study applies the Newmark sliding block method by incorporating the uncertainty of the residual shear strength of liquefied soil into to analysis of lateral spreading. The Monte Carlo simulation is employed to model the uncertainty distribution of residual shear strength. Subsequently, the best-estimate yield acceleration is determined through limit equilibrium analysis, which serves as the basis for calculating lateral spreading deterministically. To determine optimal values for Monte Carlo simulation, the influence of stochastic parameters, including standard deviation (<i>σ</i>), number of samples (<i>m</i>), and random times (<i>n</i>), on the convergence of lateral spreading calculation results is explored. The Wildlife liquefaction array was used as the illustration for the Newmark sliding block method considering uncertainty. Further, the lateral spreading sites with free face and gentle slopes were analyzed by the proposed method and the rigorous Newmark sliding block method, respectively. The results demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method, thereby offering a new perspective for lateral spreading analysis.