Bioactivity profiling of <i>Sanghuangporus lonicerinus</i>: antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and anticancer potential via<i> in-vitro</i> and <i>in-silico</i> approaches

This study investigates the mycochemical profile and biological activities of hydroethanolic (EtOH), chloroform (CHCl₃), and hot water (H₂O) extracts of <i>Sanghuangporus lonicerinus</i> from Uzbekistan. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), NO, and FRAP assays, and <i>in vitro</i> hypoglycaemic effects were evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Antiproliferative potential was explored by analysing the binding affinities of EtOH and H₂O extracts to estrogen receptor α (ERα), ERβ, androgen receptor (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), with molecular docking providing structural insights. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed solvent-dependent phenolic profiles, with the EtOH extract containing the highest total phenolic content (143.15 ± 6.70 mg GAE/g d.w.) and the best antioxidant capacity. The EtOH extract showed significant hypoglycaemic effects, with 85.29 ± 5.58% inhibition of α-glucosidase and 41.21 ± 0.79% inhibition of α-amylase. Moderate ERβ binding suggests potential for estrogen-mediated cancer therapy, while strong AKR1C3 inhibition by the EtOH extract supports its therapeutic potential.