Energy Analysis for Construction of a Zero-Energy Residential Building Using Thermal Simulation in Iran

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility and design of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) in cold and semi-arid climates. In this study, to maximize the use of renewable energy, energy consumption is diminished using passive solar architecture systems and techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is a residential building with a floor area of 100 m² and four inhabitants in the cold and semi-arid climate, northeast of Iran. For thermal simulations, the climate data such as air temperature, sunshine hours, wind, precipitation, and hourly sunlight, are provided by the meteorological station and weather databases of the region. DesignBuilder software is applied for simulation and dynamic analysis of the building, as well as PVsyst software to design and evaluate renewable energy performance.FindingsThe simulation results show a 30% decrease in annual energy consumption of the building by complying with the principles of passive design (optimal selection of direction, Trombe wall, shade, proper insulation selection) from 25,443 kWh to 17,767 kWh. Then, the solar energy photovoltaic (PV) system is designed using PVsyst software, taking into account the annual energy requirement and the system’s annual energy yield is estimated to be 26,291 kWh.Originality/valueThe adaptive comparison of the values obtained from the energy analysis indicated that constructing a ZEB is feasible in cold and semi-arid conditions and is considered an effective step to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly construction.