Crash data availability and best practices across the United States

Though data on fatal crashes are available through the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and are readily available to the public, many states do not make their crash data (including injuries) easily accessible for the public and the research community. The public has an interest in knowing when and where crashes occur, partly so they can demand that authorities improve safety. Researchers have an interest in being able to download data and conduct analyses to better understand mechanisms that lead to crashes and assist decision makers in designing effective policies. The objective of our study is to document the state of crash data availability throughout the country and to determine the best practices for crash data management and procedures for making data open and easily accessible. We reviewed 2 main dimensions of crash data, raw crash data and dashboards, by scouring the internet and reaching out to relevant stakeholders. We also conducted structured in-depth interviews of those responsible for crash data in selected states and various users of the data. We compiled a comprehensive nationwide database of open crash data characteristics for states and cities that provide such data. The database is available online in an effort to increase data transparency. Our interviews with stakeholders uncovered multiple issues beyond transparency, including quality control, usability, data linkages, data analysis, collaborations between stakeholders, and other political and financial constraints. Conclusions from our analysis include (1) the importance of linking crash data with other data sets (e.g., injury surveillance data); (2) the need for partnerships and collaborations between universities, advocates, and agencies; and (3) challenges with management of quality control. We present the results of our quantitative and qualitative work to offer best practices and Vision Zero guidance for state policymakers and traffic crash data experts.