Catalytic Processes for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in Biorefineries

Abstract: This study focuses on the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SBAF) within the framework of biorefineries, emphasizing the critical role of catalysis in enabling efficient and sustainable conversion of biomass feedstocks. The research explores various production pathways, including Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), and discusses their associated challenges, such as feedstock availability, high production costs, and technological limitations. A comprehensive overview of different catalyst types, including zeolites, metal oxides, and novel catalysts like MOFs and bifunctional catalysts, is presented, along with their catalytic mechanisms, deactivation pathways, and regeneration strategies. The paper also delves into the importance of catalyst characterization techniques in understanding catalyst performance and optimizing reaction conditions. Finally, the environmental and economic aspects of biorefinery-based SBAF production are discussed, highlighting the need for sustainable feedstock sourcing, efficient process design, and supportive policies to ensure the commercial viability and environmental sustainability of this emerging technology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic challenges and opportunities in the production of SBAF within integrated biorefinery systems, paving the way for future research and development efforts.