Polyprenylated xanthones with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV effects from the stems and leaves of <i>Cratoxylum cochinchinense</i> (Lour.) Blume

A phytochemical study on the stems and leaves of <i>Cratoxylum cochinchinense</i> (Lour.) Blume resulted in the isolation and characterisation of a new polyprenylated xanthone, cratocochinone (<b>1</b>), as well as seven known analogues, fuscaxanthone K (<b>2</b>), pruniflorone Q (<b>3</b>), 1,3,5,8-tetrahy-droxy- 2-(3-methybut-2-enyl)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl) xanthone (<b>4</b>), cochinensoxanthone (<b>5</b>), cratoxylum-xanthone B (<b>6</b>), cochinchinone I (<b>7</b>) and cochinchinone K (<b>8</b>). The chemical structure of <b>1</b> was determined by comprehensive spectral analyses. The known compounds <b>2 </b>−<b> 8</b> were identified by comparing their experimental spectroscopic data with those reported data in the literature. The anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV effects of all isolates <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> were evaluated. As a result, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> showed remarkable inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells showing IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.68 ± 0.06 to 10.27 ± 0.18 μM. Meanwhile, compounds <b>1</b>–<b>8</b> displayed notable anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) effects with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.19 to 10.72 µM.