Histopathological Frequency of Central Nervous System Diseases

Objective: To determine the frequency of central nervous system diseases, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic, by methodically examining data from various age and gender groups. The goal of the research is to guide future research directions, assist public health programs targeted to certain age and gender demographics, and educate clinical practice by analyzing the demographics of patients with both neoplastic (tumors) and non-neoplastic (non-tumor) CNS diseases.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that aims to examine the frequency of central nervous system diseases. A retrospective was carried out at the Basic Medical Sciences Institute of Karachi’s Pathology Department between October 2019 and September 2022. The study comprised all central nervous system (CNS) tissues submitted for histological evaluation. The gender, age and histological results of the samples were taken into consideration when reviewing them in detail.Results: 207 central nervous system cases were investigated. A total of 180 CNS tumors were identified; meningioma and astrocytoma were the most common. Patients with CNS tumors had an average age of 35.8, and they were more likely to be female. And 27 non-neoplastic lesions were received, out of which granulomatous lesion was the most frequent. Non-neoplastic lesion was most common in males and the mean age was 25.2.Conclusion: The current study contributes to the information available about the frequency of centra nervous system diseases in our region. The gold standard for diagnosing a variety of diseases remains histological examination, even with the use of contemporary imaging techniques that aid in provisional diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry’s further applications help with illness diagnosis and confirmation.