Microwave assisted biosynthesis of nickel nanoparticles from beetle Luprops tristis defensive gland secretion: Structural characterization, multifunctional bioactivities, and glucose sensing applications

Researchers are currently interested in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) due to their importance to develop cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and effective synthesis methods. The primary aim of this current investigation is to produce nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) by synthesising them from the defensive secretion acquired from the beetle Luprops tristis (L.tristis). The resulting nickel nanoparticles, referred to as LNiNPs, are recognized as being biosynthesized. The synthesis of LNiNPs from pure metal was verified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis indicates the functional groups attached to the nanoparticles that serve as the reducing and capping agents. Analysis using cyclic voltammetry ensures the reducing property of the phenolic compounds present in the defensive gland extract of the beetle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesized LNiNPs with an average size of 18 nm, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated a hydrodynamic size of approximately 48 nm. Zeta potential analyses of the nanoparticles show that biosynthesized nanoparticles are more stable. Non enzymatic glucose sensing study by differential pulse voltammetry shows a lower detection limit of 1.31 μM. The disc diffusion antibacterial assay of LNiNPs demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, with antimicrobial activity increasing proportionally to the concentration of LNiNPs. Chromosomal aberration experiments using LNiNPs revealed chromosomal aberrations in Allium sepa L. DPPH assay supported strong antioxidant properties of LNiNPs at higher doses. Additionally, it shows dose-dependent cytotoxicity against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells (DLA cells). Despite the fact that L. tristis annoys people, its secretion can be used to bio synthesise nickel nanoparticles, which offer additional benefits such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer, glucose sensing properties.