Exploring the Role of Pathway 2 Accredited Lactation Programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities in Increasing Workforce Diversity in the Lactation Consultant Profession

Overview: Lactation providers of color are underrepresented in a profession that is intended to deliver high-quality lactation care. Reducing disparities between women of color and their White counterparts when initiating and sustaining breastfeeding, requires diversifying the workforce. International Board of Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) represent one of the primary groups of individuals trained and certified to provide mothers, infants, and other family members with breastfeeding support and education. Purpose: This research explored how IBCLC programs housed at HBCUs may help increase workforce diversity and eliminate barriers to joining the lactation profession among people of color. Methods: A qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted with programs situated at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in North Carolina. Reflexive thematic analysis (TA) approach was used to capture the voices and perspectives of people of color who are/were seeking to become an IBCLCs. Results: The thematic analysis of qualitative interviews led to four (4) emergent themes, which each had three or four subthemes. Although the research led to a many recommendations and demonstrate the importance of HBCUs and their role in increasing lactation consultants of color, it is not without any limitations. The sample size (n=13) was small, therefore generalization of the findings to the larger population should be cautioned. Study participants were asked to recall their experiences in the program which may be affected by recall bias and social desirability bias. Lastly, incentives were used as a recruitment strategy. Conclusion: Representation has the potential to promote healthy behaviors among people of color who receive support and care from professionals who share the same identity, cultural background, morals, and values. Findings suggest that HBCUs are meaningfully contributing to diversifying the lactation profession. However, they need the support of decision-makers, allies, and policymakers to ensure to continue the work.