Exploring Stunting and Its Determinants among School-Going Children in Jammu & Kashmir

This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of stunting among school-going children in the Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir, with particular focus on disparities between Scheduled Tribe (ST) and General category children. Using a cross-sectional research design, the study examined 400 children aged 5-10 years, collecting anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic data through structured surveys. Results revealed that 43 per cent of children exhibited stunting, with 27.5 per cent moderately stunted and 15.5 per cent severely stunted. ST children showed higher vulnerability with 48 per cent affected (31.5% moderate, 16.5% severe stunting) compared to the General category children (38% affected). Several factors were significantly associated with stunting, including maternal diet during pregnancy (p = 0.0247), birth timing (p = 0.0007), and household economic status (p = 0.0031). Children from Below Poverty Line families showed higher stunting rates (56.98%) compared to Above Poverty Line families (39.17%). Father's education level (p = 0.0100) and household income (p = 0.0000) were identified as significant protective factors against stunting. Environmental factors, including cooking area type (p < 0.0001), demonstrated significant associations with stunting prevalence. The study also found that younger children (ages 6-7) were more susceptible to stunting, suggesting the importance of early intervention. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address both immediate nutritional needs and underlying socioeconomic determinants, particularly among ST communities. The results highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach that integrates nutritional support with broader social and economic development initiatives to combat stunting in this region effectively.