ETHNIC FACTORS IN PROFESSIONAL AND EVERYDAY INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

The article is devoted to the study of the nomination of ethnic groups (ethnonyms), their origin, word-forming activity and functioning in intercultural communication. The influence of the geographical environment, biological characteristics, culture of the ethnic group and social life on the formation of ethnonyms is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the study of stereotypes as cognitive structures that reflect the idea of one's own and other ethnic groups. The process of formation and evolution of ethnophobias – pejorative and offensive nominations that reflect ethnic prejudices – is considered. The specifics of the use of ethnonyms in the context of socio-cultural realities of English-speaking countries, in particular the USA, are analyzed. The study emphasizes the role of ethnic stereotypes in the formation of the linguistic picture of the world and their influence on interethnic communication. Special attention is paid to the analysis of historical and modern pejorative nominations in social discourse, in particular in the statements of political leaders such as Donald Trump.